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发布时间 : 2010/2/7 9:46:59  

多市濒破产 债务料2019年增至47亿


在多伦多市选拉开序幕之际﹐约克大学一名经济学教授表示﹐未来的多市市长所面临的最大挑战﹐是领导多伦多从财务危机中走出来。

教授施瓦茨(Harvey Schwartz)对多市过去10年中的财务状况进行了分析,这篇文章在本月的《Policy Option》上发表。他指多伦多市府的营运预算﹐从1997年的50亿元﹐膨胀到2008年的81亿元。由于所收物业税无力支付预算开支﹐市府只能使用以往的储备﹐现在储备基金已经所剩无几。

他接受本报访问时称﹐可以说多伦多正接近破产。市府每年到编制预算时都需要设法寻找新的资助来源﹐这种做法是难以持续的。

由于入不敷出﹐市府的债务将直线上升﹐从去年的8亿元﹐将增加到2019年47亿元。如果市府用在还债和利息方面的支出超过物业税收入的15%﹐市府目前的最佳债信状况(AA+)就将受到影响。

该教授称﹐雪上加霜的是﹐目前市府在救济方面的开支正迅速增加﹐救济个案可能超过10万大关﹐使得2010年预算总额达到87亿元。

他认为﹐造成多伦多财务窘境的主要原因﹐是省府服务如救济金下放﹐费用巨大﹐令到市府无力负担。

但是﹐他还认为﹐市府在花钱方面也存在监管不力、难以控制的问题。其中﹐上任市长赖士民管钱还不错﹐并留下了储备金﹔苗大伟就花钱如流水。他猜想﹐苗大伟是因为财政上搞得一团糟才决定不再竞选连任的。

无独有偶﹐苗大伟第一任市长时期的预算主席索克纳基(David Soknacki)﹐日前也在本市一份左倾英文报章上发表署名文章﹐指责苗大伟﹐身为市长﹐虽然有远大目标﹐却未能保证目标实现所需要的财务基础。其中市府的公共交通城市计划﹐还在联邦和安省政府同意之前﹐就已经准备付诸实行。但最后联邦政府不愿参加﹐而多伦多市府坚持进行﹐只能大举借债﹐和推迟其他项目。

索克纳基持右翼立场﹐但应苗大伟之邀﹐出任其左翼政府的预算主席。不过﹐在苗大伟首任任期即将结束时﹐宣布离任﹐甚至市议员也不再参选了﹐目前自开公司。他在文章中深叹管理市府财政的苦经。

他说﹐管住市府的钱袋非常困难﹐主要是议会和行政高层﹐基本无力控制属下119个花钱的机构和委员会﹐其中最大的2个分别是公车局和警察局。当这些机构和委员会被告知下年需要减少预算﹐他们的反应通常却是首先增加开支﹐然后再讨价还价。而当被要求实施起码的监管﹐如统一的信息系统、采购程序和独立审计等﹐他们便提供种种不愿这样做的借口。

这些机构和委员会中都有派驻的市议员﹐但当金钱讨价还价往来时﹐这些议员首先成了所在机构的代言人﹐而将自己被市民选举监管纳税人金钱的职责放到一边。

市议会现任预算主席高雪莉(Shelley Carroll)接受本报访问时表示﹐她认为约克大学教授的确触及了问题的关键﹐那就是多市面临结构性的经济困境。

她表示﹐一个城市政府使用物业税来支付社会福利和公共交通费用的﹐在北美和工业化国家中都没有﹐何况多伦多公车局支撑整个大多区的公共交通。

她说﹐省长麦坚迪已经公开承认省府应参与资助多伦多公车局的营运预算﹐但是否今年就参与进来﹐迄今省府仍未松口。今年公车局要求市府补贴4.4亿元。如果省府不参与﹐「我们今年的预算将非常困难」。

(来源:明报)

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