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发布时间 : 2008/1/9 19:35:16  

基金投资实战之一 — 如何精选基金

由于现有市场中同类的基金众多良睿不齐,能够慧眼识珠挑选出出类拔萃的基金不是一件容易的事情,根据我自己的经验现总结如下,不周之处请完善补充:

1.基金经理

其实一旦我们选择了选中的基金就等于认同她的基金经理。基金经理的水平高低最直接的影响了基金的收益高低。因为对地域和行业的配置组合,具体到各股的选择,对市场准确地预见性,买卖时机,切换时机等等都体现了基金经理的水平。 所以最好选择有良好业绩的基金经理,但是可以理解某段时间他的基金一般,这是正常的,因为市场永远是对的,错的永远是人。世上没有人的思维永远保持和市场高度一致的,由于基金的操作特点决定,如果基金的组合中有多个选股失误或行业配置不合理,在短时间内不可能扭转基金的表现。

2.基金的规模

原则上讲规模越大的基金越难操作,就像我们通常所说的船大难调头。同时收益不会太高,因为出入难度大。 如果你期望持有的基金能有超高收益就放弃大规模的基金。一亿资金翻番难度远远大于一万元翻番。大规模的基金优点在于市场认同度高容易吸引后续资金,在市场震荡或低迷能够相对容易筹集资金,并能够做到低位回补来降低成本,后势一旦好转其优势就能很好的得一体现。

3.基金的参数指标

通常衡量基金的参数有Sharpe Ratio,Mean, Standard Deviation, Beta, Alpha等等,他们只是对基金过去Performance 的说明和总结,简单的讲就是要数据化,是静态的,滞后的。过去不说明现在更不代表和预测将来。因为基金本身就是一个动态的实体并具备自我控制风险规避风险的特征,体现在Region, Assets Allocation, Cash等的组成和变化。

综合上述,他们的参考意义不大。重点应该区别某一具体基金是在Down-Market有好的Performance还是在Up-Market有好的Performance,这点对我们的Portfolio至关重要。保守的投资组合避免选择都是在Up-Market有好的Performance的基金,激进的投资组合避免选择都是在Down-Market有好的Performance的基金 。本着纵向比较看收益,横向比较看差异的原则来定性某一基金,来作出取舍。

4.基金的风险定位

确定某类基金的风险应该在不同的时间段和不同的市场动态的看待, 一般Industry- Specific Fund风险高,但不能一成不变。比如2003年到2005期间,能源板块表现强劲,另外最近几年贵金属板块强势特征明显,基本作为领涨板块,如果我们舍强求弱就等于丧失了利润的最大化。任何股票市场中的牛市也包括结构性牛市必定会有领涨板块即龙头,他们是市场的热点,主流和马首,是吸引资金和市场上涨的动力,在这种情况下领涨板块对应的基金应该是风险最小的,反而其他Sector的基金风险要相对要大。

两个善于:
善于出击热点地域。
善于出击热点地域中的龙头板块。

本着牛市敢于做多做大熊市保存实力的原则。

5. 基金的星级

五星的基金不一定是现阶段最好的基金,这也是我们的误区,否则基金选取就容易得很,五星的基金致使过去某一时间段市场对他们的定位。如果我们现在持有的是低星级的基金下阶段变成了五星的这说明我们的选择是成功的。

6. 基金的动态组成

投资知识高的可以看看Asset Allocation, Sector Weightings, Fund Geography , Top Holdings with 1 Year Performance 作为参考。

总之,选择的基金至少要两个不低于:
不低于同类基金收益的平均值。
不低于对应指数的涨幅。

最后,跨地域的投资一定考虑两点:
两国货币汇率走势。
投资国市场强弱。

由于技术问题没法图文并茂。一家之言望读者自行抉择。

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